US vs China GDP 2026
type: WebPage
description: The United States maintains the world's largest nominal GDP at approximately $28.7 trillion, while China's GDP reaches roughly $17.9 trillion in 2026. However, China surpasses the US in PPP-adjusted GDP at $33.8 trillion versus $28.7 trillion, reflecting different measurement methodologies and cost-of-living differences.
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date published: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.854Z
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date modified: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.890Z
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caption: US vs China GDP 2026 — Side-by-side comparison on A Versus B

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US vs China GDP 2026
type: Article
type: TechArticle
abstract: The United States maintains the world's largest nominal GDP at approximately $28.7 trillion, while China's GDP reaches roughly $17.9 trillion in 2026. However, China surpasses the US in PPP-adjusted GDP at $33.8 trillion versus $28.7 trillion, reflecting different measurement methodologies and cost-of-living differences.
description: The United States maintains the world's largest nominal GDP at approximately $28.7 trillion, while China's GDP reaches roughly $17.9 trillion in 2026. However, China surpasses the US in PPP-adjusted GDP at $33.8 trillion versus $28.7 trillion, reflecting different measurement methodologies and cost-of-living differences.
language: en-US
main entity of page: US vs China GDP 2026
content reference time: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.890Z
author: A Versus B
publisher: A Versus B
date published: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.854Z
date created: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.854Z
date modified: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.890Z
text: The US leads in nominal GDP and per capita wealth, demonstrating a mature, service-oriented economy with higher living standards. China leads in PPP-adjusted GDP and manufacturing output, reflecting its massive population and role as the global manufacturing hub with rapid growth momentum. Choose the US GDP metric for understanding dollar-denominated wealth and international market dominance; choose China's PPP metric for understanding actual purchasing power and real economic capacity.
genre: Economy
potential action: ReadAction
  target: US vs China GDP 2026
potential action: Compare United States vs China
  type: Action
  additional type: CompareAction
  target: US vs China GDP 2026
  object: United States
  object: China
about: United States
about: China
mentions: Nominal GDP 2026
mentions: PPP-Adjusted GDP 2026
mentions: GDP Per Capita (Nominal)
mentions: GDP Growth Rate 2025-2026
mentions: Global GDP Market Share
mentions: Manufacturing Output Value
mentions: Services Sector Contribution
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/usa-vs-china
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/china-vs-united-states-gdp-comparison-2026)
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/china-vs-us-economic-growth
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/america-vs-china-gdp
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/us-vs-china-gdp-per-capita-2026
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/china-vs-india-gdp-comparison
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/india-vs-china)
related link: https://www.aversusb.net/compare/china-vs-taiwan
citation: United States — Wikipedia
citation: China — Wikipedia
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significant link: https://www.aversusb.net/entity/china
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A Versus B
type: Organization

United States
type: Country
description: World's largest developed economy with advanced technology and service sectors.
alternate name: US
language: en-US
image: ImageObject
  caption: United States
subject of: US vs China GDP 2026

China
type: Country
description: World's second-largest economy by nominal GDP, dominant in manufacturing and PPP metrics.
language: en-US
image: ImageObject
  caption: China
subject of: US vs China GDP 2026

US vs China GDP 2026 — Comparison Data
type: Dataset
description: Structured comparison data for US vs China GDP 2026 with 128 attributes.
language: en-US
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
creator: A Versus B
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distribution: Raw comparison JSON
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distribution: AI Answer API (citation-ready)
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distribution: Structured FAQ pairs JSON
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variable measured: GDP
  type: PropertyValue
  value reference: Economy
variable measured: Military Budget
  type: PropertyValue
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variable measured: Life Expectancy
  type: PropertyValue
  value reference: Health
variable measured: Nuclear Warheads
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variable measured: Land area
  type: PropertyValue
  value reference: Geography
variable measured: Total GDP (2026 Projection)
  type: PropertyValue
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variable measured: Per Capita GDP
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variable measured: Global EV Production Share
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variable measured: Global Manufacturing Output
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variable measured: Advanced Semiconductor Market Share
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variable measured: Solar Panel Global Production
  type: PropertyValue
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variable measured: Tariff/Trade War Vulnerability
  type: PropertyValue
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variable measured: Projected GDP Growth Rate 2026
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variable measured: Global Solar Panel Manufacturing Share
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variable measured: LFP Battery Global Production Share
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variable measured: Potential Tariff Impact on Growth
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variable measured: AI Adoption Growth Contribution 2026
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variable measured: Annual GDP Growth Rate (2026)
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variable measured: Total Land Area
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variable measured: Total GDP
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variable measured: GDP Gap vs Leader
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variable measured: Years to Close GDP Gap (at current growth rates)
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variable measured: Manufacturing Output as % of Global
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variable measured: Global Solar Panel Production
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variable measured: LFP Battery Production Share
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variable measured: Potential Tariff/Sanction Impact on GDP
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variable measured: Semiconductor/AI Design Leadership
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variable measured: Population
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variable measured: Manufacturing Share of Global Output
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variable measured: Fortune 500 Companies
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variable measured: Internet Users
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variable measured: PPP-Adjusted GDP 2026
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variable measured: Global GDP Market Share
variable measured: National Debt Level
variable measured: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) 2026
variable measured: Annual Real GDP Growth Rate (2025-2026)
variable measured: Technology Sector as % of GDP
variable measured: Foreign Direct Investment Inflows (2025)
variable measured: National Debt as % of GDP
variable measured: GDP (Nominal)
variable measured: Active Military Personnel
variable measured: Main Battle Tanks

US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary
type: DefinedTermSet
language: en-US
description: Taxonomy of attribute categories used to classify comparison data for US vs China GDP 2026.
has defined term: Economy
has defined term: Military
has defined term: Health
has defined term: Geography
has defined term: Economic Size
has defined term: Wealth Distribution
has defined term: Manufacturing Leadership
has defined term: Industrial Scale
has defined term: Technology Leadership
has defined term: Green Energy
has defined term: Economic Risk
has defined term: Economic Growth
has defined term: Clean Energy Leadership
has defined term: Manufacturing
has defined term: Risk
has defined term: Technology
has defined term: Technology & Innovation
has defined term: Energy Storage
has defined term: Industrial Capacity
has defined term: Trade Risk
has defined term: Economic Output
has defined term: Government Spending
has defined term: Government Finance
has defined term: Demographics
has defined term: Living Standards
has defined term: Energy
has defined term: Growth
has defined term: Global Position
has defined term: Economic Comparison
has defined term: Future Trajectory
has defined term: Sectoral Dominance
has defined term: Renewable Energy
has defined term: Battery Technology
has defined term: Technology Innovation
has defined term: Innovation
has defined term: Corporate Power
has defined term: Sectoral Strength
has defined term: Economic Structure
has defined term: Fiscal Health
has defined term: Growth Metrics
has defined term: Sectoral Composition
has defined term: Capital Flows
has defined term: Manpower
has defined term: Currency Stability
has defined term: Governance
has defined term: Freedoms
has defined term: Economic Scale
has defined term: Military Strength
has defined term: Human Capital Investment
has defined term: Health Spending
has defined term: Energy Security Risk
has defined term: Social
has defined term: Investment
has defined term: Infrastructure
has defined term: Production Capacity
has defined term: Development
has defined term: Capital Attraction
has defined term: Trade Power
has defined term: Technology Sector
has defined term: Capital Inflows
has defined term: Scale
has defined term: People
has defined term: Composition
has defined term: Global
has defined term: Investment Climate
has defined term: Growth Trajectory
has defined term: Economic Expansion
has defined term: Labor Market
has defined term: Trade

Economy
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economy
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Military
type: DefinedTerm
term code: military
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Health
type: DefinedTerm
term code: health
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Geography
type: DefinedTerm
term code: geography
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Size
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-size
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Wealth Distribution
type: DefinedTerm
term code: wealth-distribution
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Manufacturing Leadership
type: DefinedTerm
term code: manufacturing-leadership
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Industrial Scale
type: DefinedTerm
term code: industrial-scale
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Technology Leadership
type: DefinedTerm
term code: technology-leadership
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Green Energy
type: DefinedTerm
term code: green-energy
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Risk
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-risk
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Growth
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-growth
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Clean Energy Leadership
type: DefinedTerm
term code: clean-energy-leadership
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Manufacturing
type: DefinedTerm
term code: manufacturing
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Risk
type: DefinedTerm
term code: risk
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Technology
type: DefinedTerm
term code: technology
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Technology & Innovation
type: DefinedTerm
term code: technology-&-innovation
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Energy Storage
type: DefinedTerm
term code: energy-storage
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Industrial Capacity
type: DefinedTerm
term code: industrial-capacity
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Trade Risk
type: DefinedTerm
term code: trade-risk
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Output
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-output
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Government Spending
type: DefinedTerm
term code: government-spending
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Government Finance
type: DefinedTerm
term code: government-finance
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Demographics
type: DefinedTerm
term code: demographics
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Living Standards
type: DefinedTerm
term code: living-standards
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Energy
type: DefinedTerm
term code: energy
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Growth
type: DefinedTerm
term code: growth
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Global Position
type: DefinedTerm
term code: global-position
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Comparison
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-comparison
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Future Trajectory
type: DefinedTerm
term code: future-trajectory
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Sectoral Dominance
type: DefinedTerm
term code: sectoral-dominance
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Renewable Energy
type: DefinedTerm
term code: renewable-energy
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Battery Technology
type: DefinedTerm
term code: battery-technology
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Technology Innovation
type: DefinedTerm
term code: technology-innovation
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Innovation
type: DefinedTerm
term code: innovation
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Corporate Power
type: DefinedTerm
term code: corporate-power
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Sectoral Strength
type: DefinedTerm
term code: sectoral-strength
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Structure
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-structure
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Fiscal Health
type: DefinedTerm
term code: fiscal-health
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Growth Metrics
type: DefinedTerm
term code: growth-metrics
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Sectoral Composition
type: DefinedTerm
term code: sectoral-composition
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Capital Flows
type: DefinedTerm
term code: capital-flows
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Manpower
type: DefinedTerm
term code: manpower
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Currency Stability
type: DefinedTerm
term code: currency-stability
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Governance
type: DefinedTerm
term code: governance
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Freedoms
type: DefinedTerm
term code: freedoms
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Scale
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-scale
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Military Strength
type: DefinedTerm
term code: military-strength
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Human Capital Investment
type: DefinedTerm
term code: human-capital-investment
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Health Spending
type: DefinedTerm
term code: health-spending
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Energy Security Risk
type: DefinedTerm
term code: energy-security-risk
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Social
type: DefinedTerm
term code: social
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Investment
type: DefinedTerm
term code: investment
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Infrastructure
type: DefinedTerm
term code: infrastructure
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Production Capacity
type: DefinedTerm
term code: production-capacity
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Development
type: DefinedTerm
term code: development
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Capital Attraction
type: DefinedTerm
term code: capital-attraction
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Trade Power
type: DefinedTerm
term code: trade-power
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Technology Sector
type: DefinedTerm
term code: technology-sector
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Capital Inflows
type: DefinedTerm
term code: capital-inflows
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Scale
type: DefinedTerm
term code: scale
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

People
type: DefinedTerm
term code: people
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Composition
type: DefinedTerm
term code: composition
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Global
type: DefinedTerm
term code: global
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Investment Climate
type: DefinedTerm
term code: investment-climate
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Growth Trajectory
type: DefinedTerm
term code: growth-trajectory
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Economic Expansion
type: DefinedTerm
term code: economic-expansion
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Labor Market
type: DefinedTerm
term code: labor-market
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

Trade
type: DefinedTerm
term code: trade
in defined term set: US vs China GDP 2026 — Attribute Category Vocabulary

faq
type: FAQPage
language: en-US
is accessible for free: true
conditions of access: Free
date modified: 2026-07-07T06:54:17.890Z
author: A Versus B
publisher: A Versus B
is part of: US vs China GDP 2026
main entity: Why does China have higher PPP GDP but lower nominal GDP than the US?
  type: Question
  accepted answer: Answer
    text: PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) adjusts GDP for cost-of-living differences. Goods and services cost less in China, so the same dollar buys more. Nominal GDP uses current market exchange rates ($1 USD = 7.2 CNY in 2026), which undervalues China's economy when converted to dollars. PPP better reflects actual economic output and purchasing power, while nominal GDP better reflects global financial influence and market capitalization.
    language: en-US
main entity: Which economy is growing faster?
  type: Question
  accepted answer: Answer
    text: China's economy grows at 4.8% annually versus the US at 2.1%, meaning China's economy expands 2.3x faster. However, the US maintains an absolute GDP advantage of $10.8 trillion. At current growth rates, China would theoretically overtake the US in nominal GDP within approximately 15-20 years, though this depends on exchange rates, trade policies, and structural changes in both economies.
    language: en-US
main entity: What explains the massive GDP per capita difference?
  type: Question
  accepted answer: Answer
    text: The US GDP per capita ($85,400) is 6.7x higher than China ($12,700) due to three factors: (1) higher average wages and productivity in developed economy sectors; (2) smaller population relative to total wealth (335M vs 1.4B people); (3) mature consumer economy with higher service prices and spending. China's average worker earns roughly 1/8th what an American worker earns, though cost of living is also proportionally lower.
    language: en-US
main entity: Who dominates manufacturing?
  type: Question
  accepted answer: Answer
    text: China dominates with $4.7 trillion in manufacturing output, representing 28% of global manufacturing. The US manufactures $2.1 trillion annually but has shifted to high-value sectors like semiconductors, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals. China controls low-to-mid-value mass production (textiles, electronics assembly, appliances), while the US focuses on capital-intensive and proprietary manufacturing.
    language: en-US
main entity: What's the impact of US national debt on GDP comparison?
  type: Question
  accepted answer: Answer
    text: The US carries $36 trillion in national debt (130% of GDP) versus China's $13.5 trillion (75% of GDP). While this doesn't directly reduce nominal GDP, higher debt servicing costs ($650 billion annually in US interest payments) reduce funds available for investment and growth. However, the US dollar's reserve currency status allows deficit spending that would be unsustainable for most countries. This structural difference explains partially why US growth is slower.
    language: en-US

Global GDP Market Share
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Global Position

National Debt Level
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Fiscal Health

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) 2026
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Output

Annual Real GDP Growth Rate (2025-2026)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth Metrics

Technology Sector as % of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Sectoral Composition

Foreign Direct Investment Inflows (2025)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Capital Flows

National Debt as % of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Fiscal Health

GDP (Nominal)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economy

Active Military Personnel
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Manpower

Main Battle Tanks
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Military

Foreign Exchange Reserves
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Currency Stability

Government Type
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Governance

Internet Freedom Score
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Freedoms

R&D Spending
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Innovation

Electric Vehicles Market Share
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Technology

Total GDP (Nominal 2026)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Scale

Total Population
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Demographics

Defence Expenditure 2024
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Military Strength

Education Spending Per Capita
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Human Capital Investment

Government Health Expenditure
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Health Spending

Oil Import Cost Impact at $126 Brent
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Energy Security Risk

Life Expectancy at Birth
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Health

Human Development Index
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Social

Patent Filings Per Year
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Innovation

Government Debt-to-GDP Ratio
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Fiscal Health

Manufacturing as % of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Structure

Total GDP (Nominal)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Size

Foreign Direct Investment Inflow (2024)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Investment

Global GDP Ranking
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Scale

Population Growth Rate
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Demographics

Projected GDP Growth Rate
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economy

Per Capita GDP (PPP)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Living Standards

High-Speed Rail Network
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Infrastructure

Renewable Energy Capacity
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Energy

Annual Patent Filings
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Innovation

Manufacturing Output (Global Share)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Production Capacity

Median Age
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Demographics

Urban Population
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Development

Foreign Direct Investment Inflow (2023)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Capital Attraction

Debt-to-GDP Ratio
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Fiscal Health

Global Trade Rank
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Trade Power

Annual Tech Sector Revenue
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Technology

Semiconductor Market Share
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Technology Sector

Foreign Direct Investment (Annual)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Capital Inflows

PPP GDP (2026, intl. $)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Scale

Nominal GDP world rank
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Scale

PPP GDP world rank
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Scale

Real GDP growth (2026, YoY)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

Real GDP growth (2024)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

Real GDP growth (2025)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

IMF avg growth (2026–2030)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

Cumulative real GDP growth (2022–2026)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

Projected 2030 nominal GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth

Per-capita nominal GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: People

Per-capita PPP GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: People

Services share of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Composition

Industry share of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Composition

Agriculture share of GDP
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Composition

Economy type
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Composition

Manufacturing scale
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Composition

Share of world nominal GDP (2026)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Global

Share of world PPP GDP (2026)
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Global

Foreign Direct Investment Inflow
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Investment Climate

Years to Double GDP at Current Growth Rate
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Growth Trajectory

Real GDP Growth Rate
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Expansion

Unemployment Rate
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Labor Market

Manufacturing Output
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Economic Structure

Merchandise Exports
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Trade

Unicorn Tech Companies
type: PropertyValue
value reference: Innovation